High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

• Ryo Izumi,
• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

• is divided into three regions with respect to Vdc with slopes of CD in the charge depletion region and of Cg in the charge accumulation and charge inversion regions. A similar result that the Δf(fm)–Vdc curve is divided into three regions has already been observed in organic semiconductor samples by

From a free electron gas to confined states: A mixed island of PTCDA and copper phthalocyanine on Ag(111)

• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Emily Roche and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1572–1577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.131

• of one-dimensional quantum wells, our analysis shows that this state does not act as a free electron gas and that the features are instead localized above individual PTCDA molecules. Keywords: AFM; copper phthalocyanine; dI/dV; PTCDA; STM; Introduction Organic semiconductor devices typically

• low concentration as a dopant or at higher concentrations as a mixed layer [2]. Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) is an organic molecule that has been investigated for its properties as an organic semiconductor and as a dye. It is straightforward to evaporate in vacuum and, at submonolayer

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• pollutants with light under ambient conditions [10]. Due to its unique properties, such as high chemical stability and low synthesis cost, graphitic carbon nitride has attracted considerable attention in the realm of environmental remediation [11][12][13]. It is an organic semiconductor that effectively

Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111)

• Qi Wang,
• Meng-Ting Chen,
• Antoni Franco-Cañellas,
• Bin Shen,
• Thomas Geiger,
• Holger F. Bettinger,
• Frank Schreiber,
• Ingo Salzmann,
• Alexander Gerlach and
• Steffen Duhm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1361–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.120

• ]. Fluorination is a viable way to change the ionization energies (IEs) of organic semiconductor thin films [4][5][6], which are an important parameter for energy level alignment [7][8]. Moreover, at organic–metal interfaces, fluorination is believed to decrease the coupling strength between the substrate and the

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• the determination of mobilities in macroscopic samples. Keywords: conducting atomic force microscopy; lateral charge transport; nanografting; organic semiconductor; self-assembled monolayer; Introduction Charge transport in organic semiconductors plays a central role in the field of molecular

• size. In the present study, we used PAT protected with a thioester group to fabricate OSC-based SAMs. Anthracene is one of the best-studied organic semiconductor molecules, and numerous studies on charge-transport within single-crystals made from this compound have been reported [31]. A high mobility

• performance of field effect transistor devices using pentacene as organic semiconductor [33]. In that work, the increase in performance was attributed to the reduced sheet resistance for charge transport in the anthracenethiol monolayer supporting the pentacene multilayer. In order to study the I–V

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) as an organic semiconductor co-crystallized with an alkyl derivative of bisphenol A as a hapten [102] (Figure 6). Upon binding of the anti-bisphenol A antibody, the output current of the transistor first decreased. The addition of bisphenol

• efforts. Guo and co-workers fabricated a field-effect transistor with monolayers and multilayers of pentathiophene-type organic semiconductor for melamine detection [144] (Figure 7). The used dialkoxyphenyl pentathiophene derivative has a semiconductive pentathiophene core sandwiched by two insulating C12

• different from the band-like carrier transport modes in thicker crystals. The fabricated sensor with ultrathin organic semiconductor crystals was an efficient NH3 sensor with a detection limit on the 10 ppb level. Specific effect of molecular sensing at interfaces The high surface area nature of nanoporous

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

• Marwa Mokni,
• Gianluigi Maggioni,
• Abdelkader Kahouli,
• Sara M. Carturan,
• Walter Raniero and
• Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

• improvement in the roughness for this sample must be reached before integration for OFET as this structural parameter is critical in the deposition of organic semiconductor layers and will affect the performance [70][71]. Conclusion Nanocomposite–parylene C (NCPC) were synthetized at room temperature by

P3HT:PCBM blend films phase diagram on the base of variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry

• Barbara Hajduk,
• Henryk Bednarski,
• Bożena Jarząbek,
• Henryk Janeczek and
• Paweł Nitschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1108–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.102

• organic semiconductor poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are extensively studied organic materials because of their important practical applications in organic electronics, especially in organic photovoltaic devices (OPV devices) [1

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

• Karolline A. S. Araujo,
• Luiz A. Cury,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Thales F. D. Fernandes,
• Luiz G. Cançado and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

• , Brazil Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto – UFOP, Ouro Preto, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.9.90 Abstract The influence of graphene and retinoic acid (RA) – a π-conjugated organic semiconductor – interface on their hybrid system is investigated. The physical properties of the interface are assessed via scanning

• of graphene-based devices, SAM surface functionalization is employed for both doping level control and work function tuning [14][15][16]. The present work brings these two fronts together by investigating a graphene/retinoic acid (RA) – a π-conjugated organic semiconductor – hybrid system and its

• multilayered RA sample portrays a substantial increase in PL intensity as the temperature decreases. These features are understood in light of previous studies, which demonstrated that the exciton mobility in organic semiconductor occurs via both dipole–dipole coupling (Förster transfer) and thermally assisted

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• organic semiconductor with tri-s-triazine units, has drawn huge attention from researchers due to its excellent photocatalytic performance and unique properties such as appropriate band structure, visible light absorption and high chemical and thermal stability [2][4]. In addition, g-C3N4 consists of

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• drawn the attention of researchers. Such green CDs are widely applied in bioimaging [6][12], sensing [13] and solar cells [14]. However, the obtained CDs showed superior water solubility, limiting their down-to-earth applicability for photocatalysis in aqueous solution. It is well-known that the organic

• semiconductor g-C3N4 possesses visible light harvesting properties due to its narrow band gap energy (≈2.7 eV) [15]. Thus g-C3N4 has emerged as a promising polymeric semiconductor for photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) [16][17][18][19][20], hydrogen evolution [21][22][23][24][25], oxidation of NO

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• dielectric layer systems in which one layer is responsible for dielectric strength and/or capacitance, whereas the other is designed to form a preferred interface for the growth of an organic semiconductor [41]. Due to a substantial charge-trapping effect observed in inorganic dielectrics, the organic

• interface. An efficient encapsulation should protect the organic semiconductor from interactions with gas and moisture and other adverse environmental conditions. Parylene C is one of the encapsulation materials that meet the above requirements [59][60]. However, there is certain ambiguity concerning the

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

• thin organic semiconductor layer is sandwiched between two ferromagnetic electrodes [24]. A spin-polarized current is injected from one of these electrodes and transported through the semiconductor. Another type also implements spin current, but without charge current, in the structure ferromagnetic

• metal/organic semiconductor/nonmagnetic metal, in which the first interface induces spin pumping [25]. Other devices do not rely on spin manipulation by ferromagnetic layers, but on the intrinsic properties of the organic semiconductor to show, for instance, organic magnetoresistance [26]. These devices

Ultrasmall magnetic field-effect and sign reversal in transistors based on donor/acceptor systems

• Thomas Reichert and
• Tobat P. I. Saragi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1104–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.112

• semiconductor. (b) The chemical structures of Spiro-TTB and HAT-CN, including mixing compositions of 78:22, 51:49 and 21:79 for Spiro-TTB/HAT-CN, respectively. For a better overview, the organic semiconductor thin film is only depicted in the region of the transistor channel. Voltage dependence (Vd and Vg) of

• for improving low-current measurements. All measurements were performed at room temperature (≈298 K). (a) Device layout of a bottom-contact organic field-effect transistor, showing n-Si as gate electrode, HMDS-treated SiO2 as gate dielectric, gold with ITO as source and drain electrodes and organic

Energy-level alignment at interfaces between manganese phthalocyanine and C₆₀

• Daniel Waas,
• Florian Rückerl,
• Martin Knupfer and
• Bernd Büchner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 927–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.94

• (opto-)electronic devices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. A key issue in any device is the energetics at the device interfaces as it determines charge transport across or charge separation at the corresponding interface [11][12]. Thus, it is not surprising that the investigation of organic

• semiconductor interfaces has a rather long history, and a large number of studies has resulted in an advanced understanding of such interfaces [11][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. A significant step forward was achieved recently by the development of a theoretical framework which is able to

Charge injection and transport properties of an organic light-emitting diode

• Peter Juhasz,
• Juraj Nevrela,
• Michal Micjan,
• Miroslav Novota,
• Jan Uhrik,
• Lubica Stuchlikova,
• Jan Jakabovic,
• Ladislav Harmatha and
• Martin Weis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 47–52, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.5

• ]. However, the 2C-SCLC model is fully valid only if no injection barrier is present at metal–organic semiconductor interface. Previous studies revealed that observed current density–voltage characteristics can be also associated with thermionic emission or Fowler–Nordheim tunneling [14][15][16]. Hence, to

Core-level spectra and molecular deformation in adsorption: V-shaped pentacene on Al(001)

• Anu Baby,
• He Lin,
• Gian Paolo Brivio,
• Luca Floreano and
• Guido Fratesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2242–2251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.230

• potential candidate in the field of organic electronic devices [1][2][3][4][5]. It acts as a p-type organic semiconductor in its intrinsic state with high hole mobility and exhibits a very high melting point [6]. The pentacene–Al junction is known to exhibit a Schottky barrier and, hence, finds numerous

Current–voltage characteristics of manganite–titanite perovskite junctions

• Benedikt Ifland,
• Patrick Peretzki,
• Birte Kressdorf,
• Philipp Saring,
• Andreas Kelling,
• Michael Seibt and
• Christian Jooss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1467–1484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.152

• Goettingen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.6.152 Abstract After a general introduction into the Shockley theory of current voltage (J–V) characteristics of inorganic and organic semiconductor junctions of different bandwidth, we apply the Shockley theory-based, one diode model to a new type of perovskite junctions

Charge carrier mobility and electronic properties of Al(Op)₃: impact of excimer formation

• Andrea Magri,
• Pascal Friederich,
• Bernhard Schäfer,
• Valeria Fattori,
• Xiangnan Sun,
• Timo Strunk,
• Velimir Meded,
• Luis E. Hueso,
• Wolfgang Wenzel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1107–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.112

• carrier mobility of the organic semiconductor tris(1-oxo-1H-phenalen-9-olate)aluminium(III) (Al(Op)3) both experimentally and theoretically. We experimentally estimated the HOMO and LUMO energy levels to be −5.93 and −3.26 eV, respectively, which were close to the corresponding calculated values. Al(Op)3

Optical properties and electrical transport of thin films of terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) on cobalt

• Peter Robaschik,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Daniel Bülz,
• Peter Richter,
• Manuel Monecke,
• Michael Fronk,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Mario Ruben,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Georgeta Salvan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2070–2078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.215

• years. Terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) (TbPc2) is an excellent candidate to provide all the necessary features for molecular spintronics, as it is both an organic semiconductor and a single molecule magnet (SMM). TbPc2 was previously implemented in an organic field effect transistor (OFET) as a hole

Patterning a hydrogen-bonded molecular monolayer with a hand-controlled scanning probe microscope

• Matthew F. B. Green,
• Taner Esat,
• Christian Wagner,
• Philipp Leinen,
• Alexander Grötsch,
• F. Stefan Tautz and
• Ruslan Temirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1926–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.203

• archetypal organic semiconductor 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PTCDA) on a single-crystalline Ag(111) surface [10] (see Figure 1a). An Ag(111) single crystal was cleaned by repeated Ar-sputtering and annealing cycles. A small coverage of PTCDA molecules (less than 10% of a monolayer

Terthiophene on Au(111): A scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study

• Berndt Koslowski,
• Anna Tschetschetkin,
• Norbert Maurer,
• Elena Mena-Osteritz,
• Peter Bäuerle and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 561–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.60

• the interface between the organic component and a metal electrode are of utmost importance. Essential parameters, such as the injection characteristics of charge carriers into the organic semiconductor or the temporal stability of a device function, critically depend on this interface behavior. As a

Self-organizing bioinspired oligothiophene–oligopeptide hybrids

• Alexey K. Shaytan,
• Eva-Kathrin Schillinger,
• Elena Mena-Osteritz,
• Sylvia Schmid,
• Pavel G. Khalatur,
• Peter Bäuerle and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 525–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.57

• advances in the understanding the self-organization processes observed for oligothiophene–oligopeptide conjugates, which are capable of forming long fibrillar aggregates in solution and on substrates. In particular, we reported on the successful synthesis of new bio-substituted organic semiconductor